Triathlon: Liver, Pancreas and Kidneys

Total protein includes a large group of plasma proteins whose important functions include maintaining oncotic blood pressure, transporting many substances, protecting against infection, enzyme activity, blood coagulation, damping blood pH fluctuations, and acting against oxidative stress. Total protein is determined by a method that provides information on the formation, use, and secretion of proteins in the body. Most commonly, the total protein level in the blood is determined as part of examination for blood diseases, inflammation, nutritional status, and liver and kidney diseases.

The creatinine value is related to kidney functions. If its level is elevated, the kidneys are not working properly. Normal values range between 44.0-84.0 μmol / l in healthy women and between 60.0-104.0 μmol / l in a healthy man.

Bilirubin may indicate hepatic damage, liver disease, biliary tract closure, hemolytic anemia, or a metabolic problem related to liver functions.

Bilirubin is an important indicator of liver disease. Elevated conjugated bilirubin in the blood is particularly indicative of possible liver disease. Conjugated bilirubin secretion disorder also occurs when the bile flow in the biliary tract is reduced.

A normal ALT value is an indicator of proper liver functions. Normal values in adults are 0.1-0.78 μkat / l.

AST examinations are usually used to detect liver damage. AST levels are also often compared to levels of other liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to determine the type of liver disease.

GGT is an indicator of chronic liver tissue stress during detoxification. Normal values are up to 0.84 μkat / l in a healthy man and up to 0.68 μkat / l in a healthy woman.

Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that promotes cell activity. ALP activity increases as a result of liver diseases (especially in the case of bile ducting) and bone disorders. Elevated levels of ALP are common during childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy.

Pancreatic amylase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas during the digestion of sugars taken from food. Its increased activity may indicate pancreatic disease.

Pancreatic lipase is a digestive enzyme that is formed in the pancreas and released into the small intestine where it is involved in fat digestion along with bile. An increase in pancreatic lipase in the blood is a sign of pancreatic damage.

The blood is drawn from the vein and used for diagnostic tests in the laboratory.